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Practical guide

Transformer reference

The iron in a tube amp does three jobs — step the mains up for the plates, step it down for the heaters, and match the output tubes to the speaker. This is the lead-colour code for the power transformer, every transformer and choke in the archive, and the one sum behind an output transformer's ratio.

Power-transformer lead colours

A tube-amp power transformer brings its windings out as loose, colour-coded leads. On the tweed-era Fender drawings the code is consistent: hover a winding below to read its leads, or work from the chart. The centre-tap leads carry a second colour as a tracer stripe.

A power transformer with colour-coded winding leads: black primary, red high-voltage secondary with a red-yellow centre tap, yellow rectifier filament, and green heaters with a green-yellow centre tap. Primary 120 V mains HT / plate 325-0-325 V Heaters 6.3 V Rectifier 5 V

Hover, tap, or focus a winding to name its leads.

LeadWindingCarries
Black + Black ×2 Primary Mains input, ~120 V AC — switched through the fuse and power switch
Red + Red ×2 High-voltage secondary Plate supply to the rectifier — the ends of the HT winding (325-0-325 V AC on both drawings)
Red / yellow ×1 HT centre tap Midpoint of the HT winding — the B+ return, to the first filter / ground
Yellow + Yellow ×2 Rectifier filament 5 V for a directly-heated tube rectifier — 5Y3GT, 5U4G, GZ34
Green + Green ×2 Heater secondary 6.3 V for the preamp and power-tube heaters
Green / yellow ×1 Heater centre tap Midpoint of the 6.3 V winding — hum reference, grounded or elevated (present on the 5F6-A, not the 5E3)
Verify every lead with a meter — this chart is a starting point, not a guarantee. Colour conventions vary by manufacturer and era, replacement transformers follow their own schemes, and old leads get spliced, faded, or swapped. A primary wired to a high-voltage winding, or an HT centre tap left floating, is a lethal mistake. Confirm the resistance and identity of each lead cold, discharged, and out of circuit before you power anything up. Treat every lead as live until you have proven otherwise.

Lead colours read directly from the published Fender layout drawings: the "Deluxe" 5E3 (F-EE) and the "Bassman" 5F6-A (I-EG), both archived at EL34World. The diagram is redrawn here, never traced from the source documents. For the gauge those leads are actually wound from, and the cloth-covered hookup wire strung between them, see the wire gauge reference.

Transformers & chokes in the corpus

Every transformer and choke listed in an amp's parts list, generated straight from the archive at build time — 82 transformers and 22 chokes across 39 circuits. Where a drawing prints only a Fender part number, that number is what appears here; where it prints an impedance or a winding voltage, that does.

PartSpecIn circuitRole
Power transformer HT · 6.3 V · 5 V 5C1 Wide-panel Champ-style HT secondary (voltage not marked; +340 V reservoir implies ≈345-0-345) + heater and rectifier windings
Power transformer centre-tapped HT · 6.3 V · 5 V (voltages not marked) 5D3 Wide-panel Tweed Deluxe-style HT + heaters + rectifier filament
Power transformer HT · 6.3 V · 5 V 5E1 Tweed Champ-style HT secondary (voltage not marked; +320 V reservoir implies ≈325-0-325) + heater and rectifier windings
Power transformer 325-0-325 V · 6.3 V · 5 V 5E3 Tweed Deluxe-style HT + heaters + rectifier filament
Power transformer HT · 6.3 V heaters · 5 V rectifier filament 5E4-A Tweed Super-style Mains/HT transformer
Power transformer ~330-0-330 V · 6.3 V · 5 V (est.) 5E5-A Tweed Pro-style HT + heaters + rectifier filament
Power transformer Fender part number not legible on this scan 5E6-A Tweed Bassman-style HT + heaters + rectifier filament
Power transformer 325-0-325 V · 6.3 V · 5 V 5F1 Tweed Champ-style HT + heaters + rectifier filament
Power transformer HT (center-tapped) · 6.3 V · 5 V 5F10 Tweed Harvard-style HT + heaters + rectifier filament (no part number on the drawing)
Power transformer HT c.t. · 6.3 V · 5 V 5F2-A Tweed Princeton-style Part 66079; HT winding voltage not printed on the drawing
Power transformer Fender 8087 5F4 Tweed Super-style HT + heaters + rectifier filament
Power transformer Fender 8087 · 325-0-325 V 5F6 Tweed Bassman-style HT + heaters + rectifier filament
Power transformer Fender 8087 · 325-0-325 V 5F6-A Tweed Bassman-style HT + heaters + rectifier filament
Power transformer Valco E-3693A 6161 Valco 6161-style Mains transformer — centre-tapped HT winding (grounded), 5 V rectifier winding, 6.3 V heater winding. The drawing prints the part number and no winding voltages
Power transformer 125P1A 6G2 Brown Princeton-style HT + heaters + rectifier filament
Power transformer 125P2A · 333-0-333 V · 6.3 V · 5 V 6G3 Brown Deluxe-style HT + heaters + rectifier filament
Power transformer Fender 8087 6G4 Brown Super-style HT + heaters + rectifier filament
Power transformer HT secondary · 6.3 V heaters 6G5 Brown Pro-style Mains primary + HT/heater secondaries; no part number printed on this sheet
Power transformer Fender 125P7A (TR1) 6G6-B Blonde Bassman-style HT + heaters, centre-tapped HT winding for the solid-state bridge
Power transformer Fender 125P1B · 340-0-340 V AA1164 Blackface Princeton Reverb-style HT + heaters + rectifier filament
Power transformer Fender 125P1B · 320-0-320 V · 6.3 V · 5 V AA764 Blackface Champ-style HT + heaters + rectifier filament
Power transformer Fender 125P1B · 315-0-315 V · 6.3 V · 5 V AA764 (Vibro Champ-style) Blackface Vibro Champ-style HT + heaters + rectifier filament
Power transformer Fender 125P7D · 305-0-305 V AC AA864 (Bassman-style) Blackface Bassman-style HT + heaters + pilot (export model: 125P7DX)
Power transformer Fender 125P1B · 340-0-340 V AA964 Blackface Princeton-style HT + heaters + rectifier filament
Power transformer Fender 125P7D · 320-0-320 V AB165 Blackface Bassman-style HT + heaters (export model 125P7DX)
Power transformer Fender 125P33A · 330-0-330 V AB763 Blackface Deluxe Reverb-style HT + heaters + rectifier filament
Power transformer Fender 125P5D · 360-0-360 V AB763 (Super Reverb-style) Blackface Super Reverb-style HT + heaters + bias tap + rectifier filament
Power transformer Fender 125P34A · 340-0-340 V AB763 (Twin Reverb-style) Blackface Twin Reverb-style HT (with bias tap) + 6.3 V heaters
Power transformer Haddon OF 031 · HT secondary 300-0-300 V at 130 mA · 6.3 V, 4 A heater winding · primary taps 115/160/205/225/245 V AC15 Vox AC15-style Mains/HT transformer
Power transformer HT secondary 280-0-280 V at 160 mA · 6.3 V, 6 A heater winding · 5 V, 2 A rectifier winding · primary taps 115/160/205/225/245 V AC30 Vox AC30/6-style Mains/HT transformer (Haddon)
Power transformer Ampeg PT-108 (300708-1) B15N Ampeg B-15N Portaflex-style Mains transformer — centre-tapped HT winding, 5 V rectifier winding, 6.3 V heater winding. The drawing prints the part number and no winding voltages
Power transformer Hiwatt TH7548/5 · 100/117.5/225/250 V primary taps DR103 Hiwatt Custom 100-style Mains/HT transformer with the bias winding (annotation)
Power transformer Gibson (no number printed) GA40 Gibson GA-40 Les Paul-style Mains transformer — centre-tapped HT winding, 5 V rectifier winding, 6.3 V heater winding. The drawing prints the windings and no part number
Power transformer 110/250 V universal primary · HT + 6.3 V heaters JTM100 British 100-watt lead-style HT and heater supply
Power transformer 360-0-360 V HT · 6.3 V heaters JTM45 British lead-style HT + heaters + rectifier filament
Power transformer Universal primary 110/120/200/225/245 V · HT + 6.3 V heaters M1959 Super Lead 100-style Mains/HT transformer
Power transformer Universal primary 110/120/200/225/245 V · HT + 6.3 V heaters M1987 Plexi lead 50-style Mains/HT transformer
Power transformer Marshall 1202-324 · 240/220/120 V primary · HT + 6.3 V heaters M2204 Master Volume lead 50-style Mains/HT transformer
Power transformer Sears DD-50 S1484 Silvertone Twin Twelve-style Mains transformer, 117 V 60 Hz. The drawing prints winding RESISTANCES rather than voltages: 3.7 Ω primary, 5.75 Ω and 6.2 Ω on the two HT windings that feed the multiplier, 3.7 Ω on the bias winding, plus the 6.3 V heater winding
Output transformer ≈5 kΩ : 8 Ω 5C1 Wide-panel Champ-style Single-ended output (impedance not marked on the drawing; typical SE 6V6 load)
Output transformer push-pull : 8 Ω 5D3 Wide-panel Tweed Deluxe-style Push-pull output, with a second 8 Ω jack for an extra speaker; the drawing marks no impedances
Output transformer ≈5 kΩ : 8 Ω 5E1 Tweed Champ-style Single-ended output (impedance not marked on the drawing; typical SE 6V6 load)
Output transformer 8 kΩ : 8 Ω 5E3 Tweed Deluxe-style Push-pull output
Output transformer push-pull output transformer 5E4-A Tweed Super-style Push-pull output into 2 × 10 in speakers, with an external-speaker jack
Output transformer ~4.3 kΩ : 8 Ω (est. for 2x6L6GB into one 15" speaker) 5E5-A Tweed Pro-style Push-pull output
Output transformer Fender part number not legible on this scan 5E6-A Tweed Bassman-style Push-pull output into four 10-inch speakers
Output transformer ≈5 kΩ : 8 Ω 5F1 Tweed Champ-style Single-ended output (impedance not marked on the drawing; typical SE 6V6 load)
Output transformer Push-pull (impedance ratio not printed on the drawing) 5F10 Tweed Harvard-style Push-pull output into the speaker
Output transformer ≈ 5 kΩ : 8 Ω 5F2-A Tweed Princeton-style Single-ended output (part 265; impedance not marked on the drawing; typical SE 6V6 load)
Output transformer Fender 45216 5F4 Tweed Super-style Push-pull output into 2 × 10 in speakers
Output transformer Fender 45249 · 2 Ω secondary 5F6 Tweed Bassman-style Push-pull output into four 8 Ω speakers
Output transformer Fender 45249 · 2 Ω secondary 5F6-A Tweed Bassman-style Push-pull output into four 8 Ω speakers
Output transformer Valco 340-6 6161 Valco 6161-style Output transformer, centre-tapped primary; the centre tap is the reservoir node
Output transformer 125A10B 6G2 Brown Princeton-style Push-pull output, centre-tapped primary
Output transformer 125A1A 6G3 Brown Deluxe-style Push-pull output
Output transformer Fender 45216 6G4 Brown Super-style Push-pull 6L6GC output
Output transformer push-pull : speaker 6G5 Brown Pro-style Push-pull output into the 15-inch speaker; no part number printed on this sheet
Output transformer Fender 125A13A 6G6-B Blonde Bassman-style Push-pull output
Output transformer Fender 125A10B AA1164 Blackface Princeton Reverb-style Push-pull 6V6 output
Output transformer Fender 125A35A AA764 Blackface Champ-style Single-ended output (impedance ratio not marked on the drawing)
Output transformer Fender 125A35A AA764 (Vibro Champ-style) Blackface Vibro Champ-style Single-ended output (impedance ratio not marked on the drawing)
Output transformer Fender 125A13A AA864 (Bassman-style) Blackface Bassman-style Push-pull 6L6GC output, into the 2x12 cabinet + EXT SPKR jack
Output transformer Fender 125A10B AA964 Blackface Princeton-style Push-pull 6V6 output
Output transformer Fender 125A13A AB165 Blackface Bassman-style Push-pull 6L6GC output
Output transformer Fender 125A1A AB763 Blackface Deluxe Reverb-style Push-pull 6V6 output
Output transformer Fender 125A9A AB763 (Super Reverb-style) Blackface Super Reverb-style Push-pull 6L6GC output
Output transformer Fender 125A29A AB763 (Twin Reverb-style) Blackface Twin Reverb-style Parallel push-pull primary for four 6L6GC; 4 Ω secondary into two speakers, with the feedback tap
Output transformer Haddon OA 063 · push-pull EL84 primary · 8 Ω / 15 Ω secondary taps AC15 Vox AC15-style Output transformer
Output transformer 4 kΩ anode-to-anode primary · 8 Ω / 15 Ω secondary taps AC30 Vox AC30/6-style Output transformer (Haddon)
Output transformer Ampeg OT-214 B15N Ampeg B-15N Portaflex-style Push-pull 6L6GC output, centre-tapped primary (blue/red/brown), tapped secondary (green/yellow/black); the handwritten part number beside it is only partly legible on this scan
Output transformer Hiwatt TH7549/2 · 4/8/16 Ω taps DR103 Hiwatt Custom 100-style Output transformer, feedback from the 16 Ω tap; the Reeves-era four-input heads carried Partridge iron whose DR103 part number was not read on any drawing consulted
Output transformer Gibson (no number printed) GA40 Gibson GA-40 Les Paul-style Output transformer, centre-tapped primary; the centre tap is the post-choke supply node the screens also sit on
Output transformer Push-pull, 4x KT66 primary JTM100 British 100-watt lead-style Output to the speaker; secondary leads lettered on the sheet — blue 100 V line, white 16 Ω, yellow 8 Ω, orange common
Output transformer Push-pull, KT66 primary JTM45 British lead-style Push-pull output to the speaker
Output transformer 16/8/4 Ω taps M1959 Super Lead 100-style Output transformer — parallel push-pull primary for four EL34s, 16/8/4 Ω secondary taps (feedback from the 16 Ω tap)
Output transformer Push-pull EL34 primary, 16/8/4 Ω secondary M1987 Plexi lead 50-style Output transformer
Output transformer Marshall 789-139 · 16/8/4 Ω taps M2204 Master Volume lead 50-style Push-pull EL34 output transformer
Output transformer Sears O50 S1484 Silvertone Twin Twelve-style Output transformer, centre-tapped primary; the drawing prints 85 Ω for each primary half and takes the centre tap to the 480 V rail. Secondary drives two 8 Ω speakers
Filter choke ≈350 Ω DCR 5E1 Tweed Champ-style B+1→B+2 filter (DCR estimated; not marked on the drawing)
Filter choke filter choke 5E4-A Tweed Super-style B+1 → B+2 (screens and output-transformer centre tap)
Filter choke ~110 Ω DCR (est.) 5E5-A Tweed Pro-style BP1 → BP2, screens supply
Filter choke Fender 14684 5F4 Tweed Super-style B+1 → B+2 (screens)
Filter choke Fender 14684 5F6 Tweed Bassman-style B+1 → B+2 (screens)
Filter choke Fender 14684 5F6-A Tweed Bassman-style B+1 → B+2 (screens)
Filter choke Fender 125C1A 6G4 Brown Super-style Reservoir → screen/preamp rail
Filter choke Fender 125C1A (TR2) 6G6-B Blonde Bassman-style B+ filtering
Filter choke Fender 125C1A AA864 (Bassman-style) Blackface Bassman-style Plate rail → screen rail
Filter choke Fender 125C1A AB165 Blackface Bassman-style Reservoir → screen rail
Filter choke Fender 125C3A AB763 Blackface Deluxe Reverb-style Reservoir → screen rail
Filter choke Fender 125C1A AB763 (Super Reverb-style) Blackface Super Reverb-style Reservoir → 6L6GC plate/screen rail
Filter choke Fender 125C1A AB763 (Twin Reverb-style) Blackface Twin Reverb-style Reservoir → screen/post-choke node [B]
Filter choke Radiospares OA 123 · 10–20 H · 100 mA DC AC15 Vox AC15-style Smoothing choke between reservoir and HT rail
Filter choke 10–20 H · 100 mA DC AC30 Vox AC30/6-style Smoothing choke between reservoir and HT rail (Radiospares)
Filter choke 20 H JTM100 British 100-watt lead-style Reservoir → KT66 screen node
Filter choke 20 H JTM45 British lead-style B+1 → B+2 (screens)
Filter choke 0.5 A M1987 Plexi lead 50-style Reservoir → screen-supply choke
Filter choke choke (value not marked) M2204 Master Volume lead 50-style Reservoir → screen-supply choke
Choke CH. · inductance not printed 6G5 Brown Pro-style B+ reservoir to plates/screens filter choke, labelled CH. on the drawing
Reverb transformer Fender 125A20B AA1164 Blackface Princeton Reverb-style Reverb driver → tank input
Reverb transformer Fender 125A20B AB763 Blackface Deluxe Reverb-style Reverb driver → tank input
Reverb transformer Fender 125A20B AB763 (Super Reverb-style) Blackface Super Reverb-style Reverb driver → tank input
Reverb transformer Fender 125A20B AB763 (Twin Reverb-style) Blackface Twin Reverb-style Reverb driver → tank input
Choke 3 H GA40 Gibson GA-40 Les Paul-style Smoothing choke between the reservoir and the screen/output-transformer node
Choke Sears L480 S1484 Silvertone Twin Twelve-style Supply choke, between a junction of the capacitor-multiplier stack and the 340 V screen node. The drawing prints no inductance and no DC resistance

Impedance ratio, in one line

An output transformer matches the high plate impedance of the output tubes to the low impedance of the speaker. The turns ratio does it, and the impedance ratio is that ratio squared:

N = √(Zpri / Zsec)  ·  Zpri = Zsec × N²

So the 8 kΩ : 8 Ω output transformer in the 5E3 is a 1000 : 1 impedance ratio — about 31.6 : 1 turns. That also runs backwards: the plates only see 8 kΩ when an 8 Ω speaker is on the secondary. Drop to a 4 Ω load and the plates see 4 kΩ, which is why a speaker-impedance mismatch shifts the whole load line, not just the level.

Put your own numbers in — the amp builder calculators include a live output-transformer ratio tool. For the design theory behind the iron, see Reuben Lee, Electronic Transformers and Circuits (1955).