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Phase inverter

Single-ended (no inverter)

One output tube, no splitter — the class-A small amps.

3 amps in the archive

A single-ended amp has a single output tube that amplifies the whole waveform on its own, so there is nothing to split and no phase inverter in the circuit at all. Everything a push-pull amp spends on a splitter and a matched pair of output tubes, these circuits simply do without — one preamp triode, one output tube, one rectifier.

That is the recipe for the smallest amps: the tweed Champ and Princeton, built to be cheap student and practice amps of a few watts. Running the output tube in class A, a single-ended stage draws steady current and clips asymmetrically, so it favours even-order harmonics and starts to break up early and gently. There is no output-stage balancing to get wrong, which is part of why these amps became studio staples far out of proportion to their 5 W.

The cost is power and efficiency — a single small-bottle tube only makes so much clean volume — which is exactly why every larger amp in the archive splits phase and runs push-pull. Compare the splitters those amps use: the cathodyne and the long-tailed pair.

Every single-ended (no inverter) amp

The matching circuits, with the neighbouring topology choices shown for contrast.

CircuitEraOutputTubes Output-stage biasRectifierTone stack
5E1 1955–1957 5 W 12AX7, 6V6GT, 5Y3GT cathode5Y3GTnone
5F1 1958–1964 5 W 12AX7, 6V6GT, 5Y3GT cathode5Y3GTnone
5F2-A 1957–1961 5 W 12AX7, 6V6GT, 5Y3GT cathode5Y3GTsingle-knob

Circuits